There is not enough heat to burn the fuel. The unburnt fuel travels through the exhaust and comes out the back tailpipe as white smoke. A damaged or faulty glow plug module can cause white smoke on engine startup. If the engine has warmed up and there is still white smoke then there may be one or more bad injectors, retarded timing, or a worn injector pump.
Black smoke is an imbalance in the fuel mixture. Too much fuel and not enough air. There is too much fuel added to the mix and not enough oxygen to burn the fuel correctly. The timing also may be advanced as opposed to retarded. Get a timing light attach it and rotate your distributor until the timing is correct.
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